Stair Treads

DEFINITION, PURPOSE AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Stairs are the most important and most common of the vertical circulation tools that allow people to descend and exit by providing connections between building sections at different levels. Ramps from other vertical circulation vehicles can also be viewed as stairs without steps in a way. Vertical circulation tools such as elevators and escalators are mechanical tools that are completely excluded from the concept of stairs.

Stairs that allow people to descend and exit also allow the transmission of all types of items and materials that can be carried by people. In addition, one of the most important functions of stairs is to save people's lives by providing connections between floors during disasters such as fires and earthquakes.

Sections Forming The Ladder;

Ladder structure consists of three main parts:

1 - inclined stair arm with steps on it,
2-horizontal stair pitch located between stair arms,
3 – stair railing, which ensures the safety of going up and down stairs.

Of these, the stair arm and the right hand are the main sections that make up the ladder. The railing, on the other hand, can be considered as a secondary section that provides the beauty of appearance along with the safety of circulation. A stair arm can be defined as a series of steps that extend between floors or floors. The steps form the stair arm, either alone ( working as a carrier ) or together with the carrier plate, which is arranged on a slope.

LADDER CLASSIFICATION

Stairs can be classified differently according to different points of view:

The most important of these points of view are the place of use of the ladder, the geometric form of the ladder and the carrier system of the ladder.:

a-According to the place of use of the ladder; internal stairs organized inside the structures, external stairs organized outside the structures can be counted.
B-stairs, according to the materials they are made of; it is possible to classify them as stone stairs, concrete stairs, reinforced concrete stairs.
C-according to the geometric shape of stairs;

c1-according to whether or not the ladder has a pitch, stairs without a pitch, with a pitch
as ladders,
c2 - according to the arm shapes of stairs in the plan; stairs with straight arms, Rotary (curved ) arms
as ladders,
c3-stairs according to the number of arms; single arms, two arms, three and more arms
they can be classified as ladders.

according to the carrier systems of D-ladders;

d1-carrier step ladders,
d2-curved system stairs,
D3-helical ladders with perimeter headstock,
d4-can be classified as stairs with space carrier system.

CONDITIONS THAT ENSURE THE SUITABILITY OF STAIRS FOR USE

These conditions are conditions that are more related to the geometric dimensions of the ladder
At the beginning of the conditions that ensure the suitability of the ladder to be used; it can be said that steps height, step width, stair slope, stairs, pitch and stair bucket widths and stair head height measurements come